1. Aerobes
Is an organism.
Its can survive and grow in environment that is free of oxygen.
2. Aerobic bacteria
Bacteria that require the presence of oxygen to live and grow
3. Anaerobic
Bacteria that can survive and grow without the presence of free oxygen in their immediate environment
4. Antigen
A substance that when introduced into the body stimulates the production of an antibody.
Antigens include toxins, bacteria, foreign blood cells, and the cells of transplanted organs.
5. Antibody
An antibody is a protein produced by the body's immune system when it detects harmful substances, called antigens.
6. Antiseptic
A substance that inhibits the growth and reproduction of disease-causing microorganisms.
7. Antibiotic
A substance, such as penicillin or streptomycin, produced by or derived from certain fungi, bacteria, and other organisms, that can destroy or inhibit the growth of other microorganisms.
Antibiotics are widely used in the prevention and treatment of infectious diseases.
8. Antibacterial agent
Drugs that destroy or inhibit the growth of bacteria in concentrations that are safe for the host and can be used as chemotherapeutic agents to prevent or treat bacterial infections.
9. Antimicrobial agent
A general term for drugs, chemicals, or other substances that either kill or slow the growth of microbes.
10. Antiviral agent
Drugs that can destroys viruses
11. Antifungal agent
Drug that selectively eliminates fungal pathogens from a host with minimal toxicity to the host.
12. Asepsis
Methods to preventing contact with microorganisms
13. Antitoxin
An antibody formed in response to and capable of neutralizing a specific toxin of biological origin.
14. Bacteremia
Bacteremia is an invasion of the bloodstream by bacteria.
15. Commensal
An organism participating in a symbiotic relationship in which one species derives some benefit while the other is unaffected.
16. Culture medium
A liquid or gelatinous substance containing nutrients in which microorganisms or tissues are cultivated for scientific purposes.
17. Culture
The propagation of microorganisms or of living tissue cells in media conducive to their growth.
18. Disinfection
The process of killing pathogenic organisms or rendering them inert.
19. Endogenous infection
An infection caused by an infectious agent that is already present in the body, but has previously been inapparent or dormant.
20. Fomite
An inanimate object that can transmit infectious organisms.
21. Immunity
The condition of being immune; the protection against infectious disease conferred either by the immune response generated by immunization or previous infection or by other nonimmunologic factors.
22. Immunization
A process or procedure that protects the body against an infectious disease.
A vaccination is a type of immunization.
23. Immunoglobulin (Ig)
A protein of animal origin with known antibody activity, synthesized by lymphocytes and plasma cells and found in serum and in other body fluids and tissues; abbreviated Ig.
There are five distinct classes based on structural and antigenic properties: IgA, IgD, IgE, IgG, and IgM.
24. Nosocomial infection
An infection that can be acquired in a hospital.
25. Pathogen
An agent that causes disease, especially a living microorganism such as a bacterium, virus, or fungus.
26. Septicemia
The medical term for blood poisoning, in which bacteria have invaded the bloodstream and circulates throughout the body.
27. Susceptible host
Any organism that can be infected by pathogens.
28. Sterilization
The procedure of elimination or destruction of all living microorganisms.
29. Toxemia
The condition resulting from the spread of bacterial products (toxins) by the bloodstream.
30. Toxoids
Toxins that have been treated to destroy their toxic properties but retain their ability to induce antibody production, thus creating an active immunity.
31. Vaccine
A suspension of attenuated or killed microorganisms (viruses, bacteria, or rickettsiae), or of antigenic proteins derived from them, administered for prevention, amelioration, or treatment of infectious diseases.
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